Approaches to Management
Frederick W Taylor, is recognized as the father of scientific
management. His principles can be
summarized as follows:
- Replace
the rules of thumb with scientific rules
- Obtain
a harmony in group action.
- Achieve
cooperation of human beings, rather than chaotic individualism.
- Work
for a maximum output.
- Develop
all workers to the fullest possible potential for their own highest possible
prosperity.
Fayol regarded the elements of management as planning,
organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling.
He believed that the operational management would succeed through the
elements of management.
Hawthorne's
studies brought out the theory that man is “Social Animal” operating in the
socio-technical system and, therefore, the emphasis in effective management is
on behavioral sciences. Chester Barnard advocated the theory of systems as an
approach to the management. Barnard said that due to the physical and biological
limitations of individuals, they cooperate in the work environment. The
cooperation increases with effective and efficient incentives.
He further said that the cooperation is more effective if the
members of the group communicate with one another, are willing to contribute to
group action, and have a conscious common purpose. He further said that a group of people in
the system work as an organization. An effective management is possible if the
organization is looked upon as a system of functions, a system of incentives, a
system of authority and a direction and a system of logical decision making. The
emergence of the modern management thought is credited to the social scientists,
the behavioral scientists, the systems scientists and the practicing managers.
