Federalist No. 51In Federalist No. 51, Madison outlines in detail the features of the separated system. It's based on the notion that each branch should be as independent from the others as possible with regard to their appointments, tenure, and compensation. Because those office-holders in each branch could not always be counted on to act in accordance with the public will, each branch must, however, be given the means to check the actions of the other. In Madison’s words, providing each branch a series of checks on the other two would allow “ambition . . . to counteract ambition,” thus preserving the liberty of the people from the encroachments of less than well-meaning political leaders.In the Framers' Own WordsRead the entire text of Federalist No. 51. Notice that the focus of the document is centered on the “auxiliary precautions” mentioned earlier. Pay particular attention to what Madison says about checks and balances, the separation of power, and the relative power of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government.
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